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Galvanic currents between dental alloys in vitro.

K Arvidson, E G Johansson

    Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Galvanic currents between dental alloys like gold and amalgam were measured in artificial saliva. Conventional amalgam and gold alloys showed the highest galvanic current density, indicating potential corrosion risks in dental restorations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dental Materials Science
    • Biomaterials Engineering
    • Electrochemistry

    Background:

    • Dental restorations frequently involve multiple metallic alloys.
    • The potential for galvanic corrosion exists when dissimilar metals are in contact within the oral environment.
    • Understanding galvanic interactions is crucial for long-term dental restoration success.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify galvanic current densities between common dental alloys.
    • To assess the potential for galvanic corrosion in the oral environment.
    • To compare galvanic interactions among gold, amalgam, and cobalt-chromium alloys.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro determination of galvanic current densities.
    • Use of artificial saliva as an electrolyte at a controlled temperature (35°C).
    • Testing involved combinations of conventional amalgam, high-copper amalgam, Type III gold alloy, casting gold alloy, solder gold alloy, and cobalt-chromium alloy.

    Main Results:

    • Maximum current density of 200 microA/dm2 was observed between conventional amalgam and Type III gold alloy.
    • Lesser galvanic currents were measured between high-copper amalgams and other tested alloys.
    • Generally, no measurable currents were found between gold alloys, and between gold and cobalt-chromium alloys, with specific exceptions.

    Conclusions:

    • Conventional amalgam and gold alloys present the highest risk for galvanic current generation in dental applications.
    • High-copper amalgams exhibit reduced galvanic interactions compared to conventional amalgams.
    • Careful consideration of alloy combinations is necessary to minimize galvanic corrosion in dental restorations.

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