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Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Upper Limb Limitations Among U.S. Older Adults.

Rachel N Logue Cook1, Matthew A Davis2,3, Rebecca E Hasson1

  • 1School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|April 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Older adults, especially Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Blacks, face greater upper limb disability affecting daily activities. Early monitoring of upper limb function is crucial to prevent loss of independence.

Keywords:
Disablement processFunctional performanceHealth disparitiesNHANES

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Disability in activities of daily living (ADL) is a major concern for aging populations.
  • Hispanic and Non-Hispanic (NH) Black older adults exhibit higher disability prevalence than NH Whites.
  • Current ADL-disability measures often overlook upper limb limitations, obscuring racial/ethnic disparities in functional decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial/ethnic differences in upper limb ADL-disability among older adults.
  • To identify specific upper limb tasks that are disproportionately affected by disability in minority aging populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 4,292 older adults (≥65) from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
  • Participants were classified based on limitations in 5 upper-limb tasks: meal preparation, eating, dressing, overhead reaching, and grasping.
  • Comparison of upper limb limitation rates across Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican American groups.

Main Results:

  • NH Black older adults showed significantly higher odds of difficulty with meal preparation (OR: 1.36) and dressing (OR: 1.55) compared to NH Whites.
  • Mexican American older adults reported greater difficulties in meal preparation (OR: 1.70), dressing (OR: 1.63), and grasping small objects (OR: 1.48).

Conclusions:

  • Significant disparities exist in self-reported upper limb ADL-disability across racial/ethnic groups, with Mexican Americans experiencing notable challenges.
  • Findings highlight the necessity of routine upper limb function assessment in all adults to detect limitations early.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to address upper limb functional decline and preserve independence in aging populations.