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Hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta. I. Epidemiology and clinical classification in a Swedish child population
Insights
This study classified hereditary enamel defects in Sweden, finding Hereditary Amelogenesis Imperfecta (H.A.I.) in 1 in 4,000 children. The research identified 12 clinical subgroups of H.A.I. based on hypoplastic and hypomineralized types.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Human Genetics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hereditary enamel defects present diagnostic challenges.
- Understanding their prevalence is crucial for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To classify hereditary enamel defects.
- To estimate the prevalence of Hereditary Amelogenesis Imperfecta (H.A.I.) in a Swedish population.
- To categorize H.A.I. into clinical subgroups.
Main Methods:
- Screening of 425,000 children aged 3-19 in Sweden.
- Clinical examination of 182 children with suspected hereditary enamel defects.
- Classification of H.A.I. into hypoplastic and hypomineralized types.
Main Results:
- Hereditary Amelogenesis Imperfecta (H.A.I.) was diagnosed in 105 (58%) of examined children.
- The prevalence of H.A.I. was estimated at 1 in 4,000.
- 12 clinical subgroups of H.A.I. were identified, with 63% being hypoplastic and 42% hypomineralized.
Conclusions:
- H.A.I. is a significant hereditary enamel defect with a notable prevalence.
- Clinical signs are typically present in both primary and permanent dentitions.
- Further research into specific H.A.I. subgroups can inform targeted interventions.
Abstract:
This study was performed in order to classify different hereditary enamel defects and to estimate their prevalence in a Swedish population. 425,000 children 3-19 years of age were screened in the Public Dental Service for suspected hereditary enamel defects in a well-defined region of Sweden. 182 of the 193 affected children were available for a thorough examination performed by one of the authors. 105 (58%) of these children could be diagnosed as Hereditary Amelogenesis Imperfecta (H.A.I.). 62 (34%) children exhibited enamel defects not related to H.A.I. and in 15 (8%) children no definite diagnosis could be made concerning H.A.I. The group of children diagnosed as H.A.I. could be classified into 12 different clinical subgroups based on two basic types, the hypoplastic and the hypomineralized. 63 of the 105 children showed the hypoplastic type of H.A.I. and 42 the hypomineralized type of H.A.I. Hypomineralized areas of the teeth were a common secondary finding in the hypoplastic type of H.A.I. Usually clinical signs of hereditary enamel defects could be identified both in the primary and in the permanent dentition. The prevalence of H.A.I. in the population studied was estimated to be 1 in 4,000.