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Understanding limb necrotizing infections: A comprehensive approach.

A Garrido-Hidalgo1, J García-Coiradas1, M Echevarría-Marín1

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|April 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are serious and increasing. Early surgery and antibiotics are key, but outcomes remain challenging, with a high mortality rate despite interventions.

Keywords:
DebridementDesbridamientoFasciitisFascitisLRINECNecrotizanteNecrotizingPiomiositisPyomyositis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Infections
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) present with nonspecific symptoms, necessitating a high index of suspicion.
  • These infections are increasing and carry significant morbidity and mortality risks.
  • Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including antibiotics, surgical debridement, and life support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the characteristics, demographics, complications, and treatment outcomes of NSTI patients.
  • To evaluate the correlation between the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score, time to surgery, and patient outcomes.
  • To assess in-hospital mortality rates for NSTI.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study of surgically treated NSTI patients from January 2016 to December 2022.
  • Inclusion of epidemiological and clinical data, with prospective calculation of the LRINEC score.
  • Analysis of treatment interventions, including resuscitative support, antibiotherapy, and radical debridement.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two patients (mean age 54.8 years) were included, with a median of 3.5 days from symptom onset to presentation.
  • Common symptoms included severe pain, fever, skin lesions, hypotension, and tachycardia.
  • The in-hospital mortality rate was 22.73%, with Streptococcus pyogenes being the most common pathogen identified.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach with radical debridement and antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of NSTI treatment.
  • No significant correlation was found between LRINEC score, time to surgery, and outcomes like amputation rates or mortality in this cohort.
  • Despite early and appropriate interventions, NSTI continues to be associated with high morbimortality, aligning with literature findings.