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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Skin Barrier in Atopic Dermatitis.

Matthias Schmuth1, Sonja Eckmann2, Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz2

  • 1Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Pediatric Dermatology and Rare Diseases, Karl Landsteiner Society, Innsbruck, Austria.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|April 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Atopic dermatitis (AD) involves a compromised skin barrier, leading to inflammation. Therapies aim to improve this barrier function, but their effects vary, requiring optimization for better treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
allergydifferentiationepidermiskeratinocytepermeability

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Skin Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a compromised skin permeability barrier.
  • The stratum corneum (SC), crucial for barrier function, relies on keratinocyte differentiation and lipid lamellae, which are disrupted in AD.
  • A compromised barrier in AD leads to environmental insults and type 2-dominant inflammation, creating a detrimental cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of various therapeutic modalities on the skin permeability barrier in atopic dermatitis.
  • To highlight the need for optimizing therapeutic strategies based on their effects on barrier function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on atopic dermatitis treatments and their effects on skin barrier function.
  • Analysis of how topical, systemic, and UV therapies influence the stratum corneum structure and permeability.

Main Results:

  • Therapies targeting SC structure and anti-inflammatory strategies show differential effects on permeability barrier function.
  • UV therapy also impacts the skin barrier, with varying outcomes depending on the specific approach.

Conclusions:

  • The diverse therapeutic options for AD necessitate a deeper understanding of their specific impacts on the skin permeability barrier.
  • Optimizing treatment strategies to enhance barrier function is crucial for managing atopic dermatitis effectively.