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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

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Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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An all phosphorene lattice nanometric spin valve.

P Kumari1, S Majumder1, S Kar1

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, 801103, India.

Scientific Reports
|April 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers designed a phosphorene-based spin valve with colossal magnetoresistance (MR) using V and Cr atoms. This breakthrough enables electric field control for future 2D processors, integrating logic and memory elements.

Keywords:
2D magnetNanoelectronicsSpintronics

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics and Nanomaterials Science
  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials research
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Phosphorene, a unique semiconducting 2D material, offers potential for advanced spintronic devices.
  • Integrating phosphorene into nanoelectronics requires novel device architectures.
  • Spin valves are crucial components for spintronics, controlling electron spin for data manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and investigate an all-phosphorene lateral spin valve device.
  • To explore the spin-dependent transport characteristics and magnetoresistance (MR) properties.
  • To identify potential for electric field control and integration into 2D processors.

Main Methods:

  • Device design: All-phosphorene lattice lateral spin valve using magnetic 3d-block element substituted atoms.
  • Computational approach: First-principles calculations to study spin-dependent transport.
  • Analysis: Systematic exploration of MR for various substitutional atoms and bias voltages.

Main Results:

  • Colossal magnetoresistance (MR) observed for Vanadium (V) and Chromium (Cr) substitutional atoms.
  • A phase diagram illustrating MR behavior was generated, showing tunability via gate voltage.
  • Novel features including negative conductance oscillation and MR sign switching were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The designed phosphorene spin valve exhibits significant MR, tunable by electric fields.
  • The findings pave the way for nanometric spin valves for integrated memory and logic in 2D processors.
  • This research advances the development of all-phosphorene based electronic devices.