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Inflammation01:38

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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Extraction and Purification of Polyphenols from Freeze-dried Berry Powder for the Treatment of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro
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Chokeberry reduces inflammation in human preadipocytes.

Dale C Brunelle1, Kate J Larson1, Amy Bundy1

  • 1USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States.

Journal of Functional Foods
|April 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Chokeberry extract epigenetically reduced inflammation by altering DNA methylation in human cells. This suggests a novel mechanism for how Aronia melanocarpa may prevent chronic diseases.

Keywords:
AnthocyaninAronia melanocarpaDNA methylationHuman preadipocyteIL-6 promoterInflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) is a North American fruit used by Indigenous Peoples for food and disease prevention.
  • Inflammation, particularly IL-6 gene expression, is implicated in chronic diseases.
  • Palmitic acid (PA) can induce inflammation in human pre-adipocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of chokeberry juice extract (CBE) and specific anthocyanins (C3Gal, C3G) on PA-induced inflammation.
  • To determine the impact of CBE on IL-6 gene expression, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation.
  • To explore the epigenetic mechanisms underlying chokeberry's anti-inflammatory properties.

Main Methods:

  • Human primary pre-adipocytes were treated with CBE, C3Gal, or C3G.
  • Cells were exposed to palmitic acid (PA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation.
  • IL-6 mRNA expression, IL-6 promoter DNA methylation, and histone H3 acetylation were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Chokeberry juice extract (CBE) significantly inhibited both LPS- and PA-induced IL-6 mRNA expression.
  • Specific anthocyanins (C3G and C3Gal) showed less pronounced effects on IL-6 gene expression.
  • CBE treatment led to increased human IL-6 promoter DNA methylation.
  • Histone H3 acetylation levels remained unaffected by CBE or PA treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Chokeberry juice extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by epigenetically regulating IL-6 DNA methylation in human pre-adipocytes.
  • The anti-inflammatory action of CBE appears to be mediated through DNA methylation changes rather than histone modifications.
  • These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which chokeberry may contribute to chronic disease prevention.