Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2025
05:06
Author Spotlight: Integrating Tai Chi with Mindfulness Training to Achieve an Effective Mind-Body Exercise
Published on: July 14, 2023
1.7K
Novel drugs affecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Dalia O Saleh1, Ahmed A Sedik1
1Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Egypt.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
|April 22, 2024
Summary
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects millions, causing pain and mobility issues. While new drugs offer symptom relief, they don't address the root cause, highlighting the need for deeper research into DPN pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) impacts half of all diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, leading to severe complications like pain and amputation.
- Delayed diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy (DN) exacerbates its debilitating effects.
- Hyperglycemia is a key factor in triggering neuronal damage in DPN.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex mechanisms of DPN, including oxidative stress and metabolic pathways.
- To analyze the diagnostic challenges and limitations of current DPN treatments.
- To evaluate pharmaceutical agents tested for DPN symptomatic relief over the last decade.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on DPN pathogenesis and therapeutic agents.
- Analysis of human and animal trial data for pharmaceutical agents targeting DPN symptoms.
- Scrutiny of drug efficacy in ameliorating neuropathic pain and other DPN symptoms.
Main Results:
- Various pharmaceutical agents show efficacy in providing symptomatic relief for DPN.
- A significant gap exists in therapies that address the underlying causes of DPN.
- Current treatments primarily focus on symptom management rather than disease modification.
Conclusions:
- DPN is a complex condition with multifaceted contributing factors.
- Developing therapies that address the root causes of DPN remains a significant challenge.
- Further research into DPN pathogenesis is crucial for advancing treatment options beyond symptomatic relief.
Keywords:
Diabetic peripheral- neuropathyHyperglycemiaMolecular mechanismNeuropathic painQuality of lifeTherapeutic targetsMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:24Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
319
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
319
01:26Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
195
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
195
01:23Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
182
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
182
01:06Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
154
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
154
01:19Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
174
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
Acarbose and miglitol are...
174
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
275
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
275