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[New Progress in Longitudinal Research on the Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis]
Xin Wang1, Ye Bai1, Wenqian Yu1
1/ （ 610041） West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Summary
This review identifies 101 risk factors for gallstones (cholelithiasis), categorizing them into unmodifiable and modifiable. Findings from longitudinal studies offer new insights for prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Digestive System Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Cholelithiasis (gallstones) is a prevalent digestive system disease.
- Previous risk factor identification relied heavily on cross-sectional studies, necessitating validation through longitudinal research.
- Emerging risk factors like bariatric surgery and viral infections require updated reviews.
Approach:
- Systematic review of 101 cholelithiasis-associated risk factors derived from longitudinal studies (cohort, RCTs, nested case-control).
- Categorization of risk factors into unmodifiable (age, sex, race, family history) and modifiable groups.
- Modifiable factors further classified into biological environmental (37), socioenvironmental (25), and physiochemical environmental (35) categories.
Key Points:
- Identified 101 risk factors for gallstone formation using robust longitudinal study designs.
- Distinguished between inherent (unmodifiable) and external (modifiable) risk factors.
- Comprehensive cataloging of modifiable factors provides detailed insights into environmental influences.
Conclusions:
- This review offers a thorough understanding of gallstone pathogenesis based on longitudinal evidence.
- Provides a foundation for identifying individuals at high risk for cholelithiasis.
- Supports the development of targeted prevention strategies for gallstone disease.
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