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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells
Published on: October 2, 2016
Performance and emissions data of an internal combustion engine operating with different ethanol/water mixtures and
Darlan Jorge Gil Torres1, André de Souza Mendes1, Cyro Albuquerque1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centro Universitário FEI, Av. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 3972, Assunção, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09850-901, Brazil.
Abstract:
This study presents performance and emissions data of an Otto cycle mono-cylinder combustion engine operating with two different compression rates and several mixtures of anhydrous ethanol fuel and water. The instrumented engine was mounted on a dynamometer with the ignition point and injection fuel advance calibrated to obtain the maximum torque and mixture in stoichiometric conditions. Characteristic engine performance parameters and emission fractions from its exhaust system were acquired from 2,000 rpm to 4,000 rpm with fuel mixtures of up to 50% water content. To our knowledge, data on this extreme operating condition are not available in the literature.
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An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...