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Decreased glucagon in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients with long duration type 2 diabetes

Ziyang Shen1, Mengxing Chen2, Qian Li1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.

Postgraduate Medical Journal
|April 22, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Fasting C-peptide and glucagon levels show varied associations with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Decreased glucagon is linked to DPN in long-duration T2DM.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Understanding the relationship between islet function markers and DPN is crucial for risk stratification and management.
  • Fasting C-peptide and glucagon are key indicators of islet function and glucose metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between fasting C-peptide, glucagon, and DPN in T2DM patients.
  • To explore how diabetes duration influences these associations.
  • To assess the predictive value of glucagon for DPN.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 797 T2DM patients underwent comprehensive DPN risk factor assessment.
  • Patients were stratified into short-duration (≤10 years) and long-duration (>10 years) diabetes groups.
  • Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were utilized.

Main Results:

  • Lower fasting C-peptide levels were associated with DPN in the short-duration group.
  • Decreased glucagon levels were specifically observed in DPN patients within the long-duration group.
  • Glucagon emerged as the sole significant risk factor for DPN in the long-duration cohort, with an AUC of 0.706 on ROC analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Serum glucagon levels demonstrate bidirectional changes in T2DM patients with DPN, contingent on diabetes duration.
  • Reduced glucagon is a significant risk factor for DPN in patients with long-standing T2DM.
Keywords:
C-peptideDPNduration of diabetesglucagonislet function

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