Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

579
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
579
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

150
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
150
Vision01:24

Vision

53.2K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.2K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.0K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.0K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.1K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.1K
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

567
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
567

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Children use algorithm induction to discover patterns in data.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Hybrid cell membrane-conjugated photosensitive hydrogels as a tumor vaccine for promoting cancer immunotherapy.

Biomaterials science·2026
Same author

A geometric foundation for word meaning in the brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Attention is all you need (in the brain): semantic contextualization in human hippocampus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Current status of the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen and analysis of risk factors for prognosis: Experience in the emergency department of a single center in Pemba, Tanzania.

Current problems in surgery·2025
Same author

A vectorial code for semantics in human hippocampus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Perception and action as one: Re-integrating research on human action through event files.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Associative learning explains "intuitive statistics" in animals.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A reciprocal model of practice and skill: Navigating between dropout and expertise.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

The relative psychometric function: A general analysis framework for relating psychological processes.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A taxonomy of discriminatory behavior.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Extreme-value signal detection theory for recognition memory: The parametric road not taken.

Psychological review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

10.9K

Limited information-processing capacity in vision explains number psychophysics.

Samuel J Cheyette1, Shengyi Wu1, Steven T Piantadosi2

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Psychological Review
|April 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Our sense of number emerges from the visual system

More Related Videos

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K
A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
09:47

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Published on: July 9, 2016

17.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

10.9K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K
A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
09:47

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Published on: July 9, 2016

17.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Visual perception
  • Numerical cognition

Background:

  • Humans and animals can perceive object quantities, crucial for mathematical development.
  • The underlying perceptual mechanisms for numerical sense are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of visual object location encoding in numerical perception.
  • To determine if efficient location encoding explains key numerical psychophysics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical model of efficient, information-limited object location encoding.
  • Conducted behavioral experiments measuring change-localization and number estimation.
  • Analyzed individual differences in performance and model parameter fits.

Main Results:

  • The location encoding model accurately predicts psychophysical phenomena like subitizing and Weber's law.
  • Experimental data align with the model's predictions for both localization and estimation tasks.
  • Individual differences in localization performance predict number estimation, suggesting shared perceptual constraints.

Conclusions:

  • The visual sense of number is not based on a dedicated numerical module.
  • Key features of numerical cognition arise as by-products of efficient, low-level visual perception.
  • Perceptual limitations in encoding object locations fundamentally shape our numerical abilities.