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Updated: Jun 28, 2025
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Published on: March 7, 2025
Effect of chitooligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization on multiple targets in T2DM mice
Jiangshan You1, Mengyao Zhao1,2, Shumin Chen1
1State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Abstract:
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are found naturally in the ocean and present a variety of physiological activities, of which hypoglycemic action has attracted considerable research attention. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of COS on mice suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). COS effectively reduced blood glucose and blood lipid levels and improved glucose tolerance. Furthermore, COS revealed strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, reducing postprandial blood glucose levels. Molecular docking data showed that COS might interact with surrounding amino acids to form a complex and decrease α-glucosidase activity. Additionally, COS enhanced insulin signal transduction and glycogen synthesis while restricting gluconeogenesis in the liver and muscles, reducing insulin resistance (IR) as a result. Moreover, COS effectively protected and restored islet cell function to increase insulin secretion. These results indicated that COS exhibited a significant hypoglycemic effect with multi-target participation. Therefore, COS may serve as a new preventive or therapeutic drug for diabetes to alleviate metabolic syndrome.
Insights
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) demonstrate significant potential for managing type 2 diabetes. This natural compound effectively lowers blood glucose and lipids, improves insulin sensitivity, and protects pancreatic islet cells, offering a promising therapeutic avenue.
Area of Science:
- Marine biotechnology
- Biochemistry
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Chitooligosaccharides (COS), derived from marine sources, possess diverse physiological activities.
- Hypoglycemic effects of COS are of significant research interest for metabolic disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of COS in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Main Methods:
- Administration of COS to T2DM mice.
- Assessment of blood glucose and lipid levels.
- Evaluation of glucose tolerance.
- In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay.
- Molecular docking studies.
- Analysis of insulin signaling and glycogen synthesis.
- Investigation of gluconeogenesis.
- Assessment of islet cell function and insulin secretion.
Main Results:
- COS significantly reduced blood glucose and lipid levels and improved glucose tolerance.
- COS exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, lowering postprandial glucose.
- Molecular docking suggested COS interaction with α-glucosidase.
- COS enhanced insulin signaling, glycogen synthesis, and protected islet cells, reducing insulin resistance.
- COS increased insulin secretion.
Conclusions:
- COS displays a significant, multi-target hypoglycemic effect.
- COS shows promise as a novel preventive or therapeutic agent for T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
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