In vitro study on antioxidant and lipid-lowering activities of tobacco polysaccharides

Tobacco polysaccharides were extracted by hot water extraction, and purified and separated using DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography columns, and three purified polysaccharide fractions, YCT-1, YCT-2, and YCT-3, were finally obtained. The physicochemical properties of the three fractions were analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance gel chromatography. The in vitro antioxidant activity of tobacco polysaccharides was compared among different fractions by using DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and potassium ferricyanide method. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity was compared using α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity inhibition assay. And the in vitro hypolipidemic activity were investigated by using pancreatic lipase activity inhibition assay and HepG-2 intracellular lipid accumulation assay. All the results showed that the constituent monosaccharides of the three tobacco polysaccharide fractions were similar, but the molar percentages of each monosaccharide were different. The average molecular weights of the three components were 27,727 Da, 27,587 Da, and 66,517 Da, respectively, and the scavenging activities on DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals were at a high level with good quantitative-effect relationships. The reducing power were much lower than that of the positive control VC, and the three polysaccharide fractions had a weak inhibitory ability on α-amylase activity, but showed excellent inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activity. In addition, the results of cellular experiments showed that all three fractions were able to inhibit lipid over-accumulation in HepG-2 cells by increasing the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-α, CPT-1A, and CYP7A1 genes, and the tobacco polysaccharide YCT-3 showed the best effect. The mechanism by which YCT-3 ameliorated the over-accumulation of intracellular lipids in HepG-2 cells was found to be related to its influence on the expression of miR-155-3p and miR-17-3p in the exosomes of HepG-2 cells.