Associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and cognitive function in the Normative Aging study.

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Neuroscience
• Astronomy

Background:

• Solar and geomagnetic activity (SGA) are known to influence physiological processes like melatonin secretion and the autonomic nervous system.
• Previous research indicates potential links between environmental factors and human health, including cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and cognitive function in older adults.
• To determine if different aspects of cognitive function are differentially affected by SGA.

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from the Normative Aging Study (1992-2013).
• Employed logistic and linear generalized estimating equations and regressions.
• Assessed associations between sunspot number (SSN) and K_p index (geomagnetic activity) with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and a global cognitive composite score.

Main Results:

• Increased SSN and K_p index were associated with a higher likelihood of low MMSE scores (17-19% increase in odds).
• A small positive association was observed between increasing SSN and the global cognitive score.
• Decreased performance was noted on the backwards digit span test in relation to SGA.

Conclusions:

• High SGA periods are associated with cognitive function, suggesting a potential environmental influence on brain health.
• SGA may impact different cognitive domains unevenly, as indicated by varied associations across tests.
• Further research with longer follow-up is needed to understand SGA's role in cognitive decline in the elderly.