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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Investigating Aortic Valve Calcification via Isolation and Culture of T Lymphocytes using Feeder Cells from Irradiated Buffy Coat

Investigating Aortic Valve Calcification via Isolation and Culture of T Lymphocytes using Feeder Cells from Irradiated Buffy Coat

Published on: February 4, 2021

Sarcopenia and aortic valve disease.

Manish Kumar¹, Anthony Pettinato², Feria Ladha³

¹Montefiore Health System, Bronx, New York, USA.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)

|April 22, 2024

Summary

Sarcopenia, a condition of muscle loss, negatively impacts quality of life for older adults undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Early intervention with nutrition and exercise can improve outcomes after TAVR.

Keywords:

Heart Valve Diseases

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Cardiology
Geriatric Medicine

Background:

Valvular heart disease, specifically aortic stenosis (AS), is common in older adults.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has improved AS treatment but doesn't fully address quality of life issues in older patients with comorbidities.
Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle loss, affects a significant portion of older adults with AS and impacts TAVR outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the prevalence and impact of sarcopenia in older adults with severe AS undergoing TAVR.
To emphasize sarcopenia as a prognostic marker for TAVR outcomes.
To explore potential interventions for mitigating sarcopenia's adverse effects.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on AS, TAVR, and sarcopenia in older adults.
Analysis of sarcopenia's role as a predictor of TAVR outcomes.
Discussion of management strategies including resistance training and nutritional optimization.

Main Results:

Sarcopenia affects 21%-70% of older adults with AS.
Sarcopenia independently predicts both short-term and long-term outcomes post-TAVR.
Early diagnosis and management of sarcopenia, including exercise and nutrition, can improve quality of life and reduce morbidity/mortality.

Conclusions:

Sarcopenia is a critical factor affecting quality of life after TAVR in older adults.
Incorporating sarcopenia assessment into preprocedural planning is essential.
Individualized management and prehabilitation may mitigate adverse effects and improve TAVR outcomes, though further research is needed.