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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Dengue virus pathogenesis and host molecular machineries.

Saumya Sinha1, Kinjal Singh1, Y S Ravi Kumar2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Journal of Biomedical Science
|April 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Dengue viruses (DENV) disrupt host cell processes to replicate. Understanding these complex host-virus interactions is crucial for developing new dengue treatments, as current options are limited to supportive care.

Keywords:
Dengue virusEpigenomic regulationPost-transcriptional modificationsPost-translational modificationsStress granule formationTranscription regulationTranslation regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Dengue viruses (DENV) are RNA viruses causing dengue, a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne illness.
  • Millions are infected annually via Aedes mosquito bites, with infections ranging from asymptomatic to severe Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or Dengue shock syndrome (DSS).
  • Current treatments are supportive, lacking specific antiviral drugs or vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate interactions between DENV and host cellular machinery.
  • To elucidate molecular mechanisms DENV employs to manipulate host metabolism for viral replication.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets by understanding host-virus regulatory systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of host-virus interactions in DENV infection.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms including epigenetic, transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation.
  • Examination of viral protein degradation pathways.

Main Results:

  • DENV extensively modulates host metabolism to favor viral genome replication and progeny dissemination.
  • Viral strategies involve manipulating host gene expression, mRNA translation, and protein modification.
  • Host cellular pathways are co-opted by DENV to support its life cycle.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of host-virus regulatory networks is essential for novel therapeutic strategies against dengue.
  • Targeting DENV's manipulation of host cellular processes offers promising avenues for drug development.
  • Further research into these molecular interactions can lead to effective treatments for dengue fever and its severe forms.