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Low-Volume Speed Endurance Training with Reduced Volume Improves Short-Term Exercise Performance in Highly Trained

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Low-volume speed endurance training (SET) enhances short-duration performance in cyclists. High-volume SET increases muscle ion transporters and enzyme activity, crucial for elite athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Speed endurance training (SET) is crucial for athletic performance.
  • Optimizing SET volume is key for maximizing adaptations in highly trained athletes.
  • Understanding the impact of reduced training volume on physiological markers is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of low- and high-volume SET on sprint ability, exercise capacity, and muscle adaptations in cyclists.
  • To compare the efficacy of reduced training volume SET protocols.
  • To determine the influence of SET on muscle mitochondrial properties, ion transport, and enzyme activity.

Main Methods:

  • 24 highly trained male cyclists were divided into low-volume SET (SET-L), high-volume SET (SET-H), and control (CON) groups.
  • SET-L and SET-H groups underwent 6 weeks of training with a 30% reduction in overall training volume.
  • Performance was assessed via sprinting, time trials, and muscle biopsies analyzed for various physiological markers.

Main Results:

  • SET-L significantly improved 4-minute time trial performance by 3.8%.
  • No significant changes were observed in sprint ability, prolonged endurance capacity, V̇O2max, or mitochondrial respiratory capacity across groups.
  • SET-H led to significant increases in maximal phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity and specific muscle ion transporter abundance.

Conclusions:

  • Low-volume SET effectively enhances short-duration intense exercise performance in cyclists.
  • High-volume SET is necessary for upregulating muscle ion transporter content and maximal PFK activity.
  • Both SET protocols maintained sprinting ability, V̇O2max, endurance performance, and muscle oxidative capacity.