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Evolutionary origin of alpha rhythms in vertebrates.

Takashi Shibata1,2, Noriaki Hattori3, Hisao Nishijo4

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan.

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|April 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the evolutionary origins of alpha rhythms, suggesting their development in the pallium of a common ancestor of birds and mammals. Alpha rhythms may have aided nocturnal adaptation in early mammals.

Keywords:
alpha rhythmsneocortexnocturnal mammalspalliumpedunculopontine nucleusvertebrates

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Neurology

Background:

  • The traditional triune brain model is expanded to investigate the evolutionary history of alpha rhythms across vertebrates.
  • The mammalian forebrain, particularly the neocortex, has evolved significantly, influencing visual processing pathways.
  • Alpha rhythms in mammals are linked to both brainstem pacemakers and neocortical activity, especially in quiet, dark conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the evolutionary origins and significance of alpha rhythms in vertebrate brains.
  • To explore the role of alpha rhythms in the adaptation of mammals to nocturnal environments.
  • To investigate the potential ancestral origins of alpha rhythms in non-mammalian vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of brain structures and electrophysiological phenomena across vertebrate taxa.
  • Review of existing literature on alpha rhythms, brain evolution, and sensory processing.
  • Hypothesizing evolutionary pathways based on convergent evolution in avian pallium.

Main Results:

  • Alpha rhythms in mammals are generated by complex interactions involving the neocortex and brainstem.
  • The evolution of alpha rhythms may be linked to enhanced cortical connectivity and adaptation to nocturnal life, potentially originating in the dinosaur era.
  • While lacking a distinct cortical layer, the avian pallium exhibits cortex-like architecture and generates oscillations similar to alpha rhythms.

Conclusions:

  • Alpha rhythms likely originated in the pallium of a common ancestor of birds and mammals, facilitated by enhanced cortical connectivity.
  • The development of alpha rhythms may have been crucial for the transition to nocturnal behavior in early mammals.
  • Convergent evolution in birds demonstrates the functional significance of low-frequency oscillations in pallial structures.