Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Unified Model to Predict Electrophoresis in Porous Media and Free Electrolytes.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025

Same author

Diffusiophoresis in porous media saturated with a mixture of electrolytes.

Nanoscale advances·2025

Same author

Hydromechanical Modulation of Enzymatic Kinetics Using Microfluidically Configurable Nanoconfinement Arrays.

ACS central science·2024

Same author

Competition between ion-ion electrostatic correlations and hydrodynamic slip radically changes diffusioosmosis.

Chemical science·2024

Same author

Unidirectional drying of a suspension of diffusiophoretic colloids under gravity.

RSC advances·2023

Same author

Diffusiophoresis of a spherical particle in porous media.

Soft matter·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Diffusioosmotic flow reversals due to ion-ion electrostatic correlations.

Shengji Zhang¹, Henry C W Chu²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

|April 23, 2024

Summary

New theories reveal ion-ion electrostatic correlations cause unique diffusioosmosis flow reversals in concentrated electrolytes, differing from dilute solutions. This impacts applications like species separation and energy harvesting.

More Related Videos

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

Published on: July 28, 2008

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures

Published on: July 28, 2008

Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Existing diffusioosmosis theories overlook ion-ion electrostatic correlations, crucial for concentrated electrolytes.
These correlations significantly influence ion behavior and fluid transport in confined systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a mathematical model for numerically computing diffusioosmotic mobilities in charged parallel-plate channels.
To investigate the impact of ion-ion electrostatic correlations and finite ion size on diffusioosmosis across a range of electrolyte concentrations.

Main Methods:

Utilized a modified Poisson equation to incorporate ion-ion electrostatic correlations.
Employed the Bikerman model to account for the finite size of ions.
Performed numerical computations for binary symmetric electrolytes in charged parallel-plate channels.

Main Results:

Identified a unique diffusioosmosis flow reversal driven by ion-ion electrostatic correlations, not predicted by existing theories. This occurs at ≈0.4 M for monovalent and ≈0.003 M for divalent electrolytes.
Predicted a second flow reversal due to competing chemiosmosis and electroosmosis, tunable by channel surface charge.
Demonstrated that electrostatic correlations significantly alter the dependence of flow reversal on surface charge and ion diffusivity between concentrated and dilute electrolytes.

Conclusions:

Diffusioosmosis in concentrated electrolytes can exhibit qualitatively different behavior (magnitude and direction) compared to dilute electrolytes due to ion-ion electrostatic correlations.
The developed model provides a tool for designing diffusioosmosis processes for applications in species mixing/separation, enhanced oil recovery, and reverse electrodialysis.