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Disentangling Gender and Relative Age Effects in Women's and Girls' Rugby Union.

Adam L Kelly1, Diogo Coutinho2,3,4, John M Radnor5

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Summary

This study found no significant relative age effects (RAEs) in England

Keywords:
age groupingathlete developmentfemale rugbyfemale sportrugby football uniontalent developmenttalent identificationyouth rugby

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Talent Identification
  • Youth Development

Background:

  • Relative age effects (RAEs) are common in male sports, showing an overrepresentation of athletes born earlier in the selection year.
  • Research on RAEs in women's and girls' rugby union is limited, particularly concerning the youth-to-senior transition.
  • Understanding RAEs in female rugby is crucial for equitable talent development and pathway progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RAEs in English women's and girls' rugby union pathways.
  • To compare RAEs between youth (U18) and senior cohorts in both premiership and international levels.
  • To explore potential gender-specific factors influencing RAEs in rugby union.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of birth quarter (BQ) distributions between U18 and senior England rugby players.
  • Inclusion of U18 England Rugby Centre of Excellence players, Senior Premiership players, U18 England players, and Senior England players.
  • Chi-square analyses to compare observed BQ distributions against expected distributions.

Main Results:

  • No significant RAEs were found at the U18 or senior levels in either pathway (premiership or international).
  • No significant differences in BQ distributions were observed for players transitioning from youth to senior levels.
  • Descriptive statistics indicated a slight skew towards earlier birth quarters in U18 cohorts (e.g., U18 England players: BQ1=33%, BQ4=18%).

Conclusions:

  • Unlike male rugby, significant RAEs were not evident in the analyzed English female youth and senior rugby pathways.
  • Gender-specific factors like developmental differences, sport popularity, and sociocultural norms may explain variations from male RAEs.
  • Caution is advised against applying male-centric RAE strategies to female rugby to prevent future disparities.