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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

Published on: August 26, 2021

Single Extracellular Vesicle Imaging and Computational Analysis Identifies Inherent Architectural Heterogeneity.

Kshipra S Kapoor^1,2, Seoyun Kong¹, Hikaru Sugimoto¹

¹Department of Cancer Biology and Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States.

|April 23, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show consistent architectural heterogeneity across various sources, revealed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). This structural atlas offers insights into EV function and biodistribution.

Keywords:

architectural heterogeneity cryo-EM extracellular vesicle purification extracellular vesicles machine learning

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Single Extracellular Vesicle Transmembrane Protein Characterization by Nano-Flow Cytometry

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Published on: July 26, 2022

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Nanotechnology

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in intercellular communication.
Understanding EV heterogeneity is essential for their therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Current methods often lack the resolution to capture native EV architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the architectural heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
To establish a structural atlas of EVs using high-resolution imaging.
To investigate if EV architecture is consistent across different cell sources and isolation methods.

Main Methods:

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) for high-resolution imaging of native EVs.
Isolation of EVs from diverse sources including cancer cells, normal cells, immortalized cells, and body fluids.
A computational pipeline utilizing a segmentation neural network model for quantifying EV architecture.

Main Results:

Consistent architectural heterogeneity was observed across 7,576 imaged EVs.
EV shapes predominantly comprised single spherical, rod-like/tubular, and double configurations.
This heterogeneity was independent of EV source and purification techniques.
Average eccentricity was 0.5366 ± 0.2, and average equivalent diameter was 132.43 ± 67 nm.

Conclusions:

EVs exhibit a conserved set of architectural shapes regardless of origin or isolation method.
Cryo-TEM provides a powerful tool for unbiased structural analysis of EVs.
This structural atlas serves as a foundational reference for EV research and understanding their biological impact.