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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive sleep apnea and mental disorders: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.

Heming Liu1, Xuemei Wang1, Hu Feng1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.

BMC Psychiatry
|April 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Genetic liability for major depressive disorder (MDD) increases obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may also increase attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk, suggesting potential causal links for targeted interventions.

Keywords:
Mental disordersObstructive sleep apnea (OSA)Two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to mental health conditions.
  • Causal relationships between OSA and mental disorders require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate bidirectional causality between genetic liability for OSA and nine mental disorders using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Main Methods:

  • Two-sample bidirectional MR analysis.
  • Utilized summary statistics from FinnGen and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.
  • Employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method, with weighted median and MR Egger for robustness. Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger intercept, Cochran's Q, Rucker's Q, and MR-PRESSO tests.

Main Results:

  • Genetic liability for major depressive disorder (MDD) was associated with an increased risk of OSA (OR=1.29, P<0.001).
  • Genetic liability for OSA showed a potential association with an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR=1.26, P=0.032).
  • No significant association was found between OSA and other mental disorders examined.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic liability for MDD causally increases OSA risk, but not bidirectionally.
  • Suggestive evidence indicates a potential causal effect of OSA genetic liability on ADHD.
  • Findings highlight implications for prevention and intervention strategies for OSA and ADHD, warranting further research into underlying mechanisms.