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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Transplantation of a 3D Bioprinted Patch in a Murine Model of Myocardial Infarction
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3D bioprinted aged human post-infarct myocardium tissue model.

Gozde Basara1, Lara Ece Celebi1,2, George Ronan1,2

  • 1Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA.

Health Science Reports
|April 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study engineered an aged human cardiac fibrosis model using 3D bioprinting to mimic post-myocardial infarction (MI) tissue. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) showed potential in regenerating cardiac function in the scar region.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingextracellular vesicleshuman induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiac fibroblastshuman induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytemyocardial infarctionpost‐MI modelstherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Fibrotic tissue post-myocardial infarction (MI) significantly impacts cardiac function.
  • Existing in vitro models inadequately represent complex post-MI cardiac fibrosis, especially in aged populations.
  • There is a critical need for advanced models that mimic aged cardiac tissue after MI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a biomimetic aged human cardiac fibrosis model using 3D bioprinting.
  • To represent the distinct microenvironmental regions (remote, border, scar) post-MI.
  • To serve as a platform for testing therapeutic interventions for aged cardiac tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3D bioprinting approach with specific bioinks (gelatin methacryloyl, methacrylated hyaluronic acid, aged type I collagen) and photoinitiator.
  • Incorporated aged human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts.
  • Confirmed cell types via immunofluorescence and analyzed construct beating characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high cell viability (>74%) across all printed tissue regions.
  • Engineered constructs exhibited functional beating behavior (velocity 6.7 μm/s, frequency 0.3 Hz).
  • Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) significantly improved cardiomyocyte beating velocity, frequency, and confluency, unlike hiPSC-EVs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D bioprinted aged cardiac model accurately recapitulates post-MI aged myocardium.
  • This platform offers a valuable tool for studying the aged cardiac microenvironment.
  • The study highlights the regenerative potential of MSC-EVs for scar region treatment.