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Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

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The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Doppler Effect - I00:56

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The Doppler effect and Doppler shift were named after the Austrian physicist and mathematician Christian Johann Doppler in 1842, who conducted experiments with both moving sources and moving observers. Consider an observer standing on a street corner, observing an ambulance with a siren sound passing by at a constant speed. The observer experiences two characteristic changes in the sound of the siren. Initially, the sound increases in loudness as the ambulance approaches and decreases in...
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How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
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[You only ECHO Twice].

Dominik Paugsch1, Margret Dabrowski2

  • 1Luzerner Kantonsspital Herzzentrum Spitalstrasse 6004 Luzern.

Praxis
|April 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A rare cardiac tumor, a papillary fibroelastoma, caused an 80-year-old woman's ischaemic stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography detected the tumor after thrombectomy confirmed it as the embolic source.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Ischaemic stroke, often caused by thrombosis or embolism, involves sudden interruption of cerebral blood flow.
  • Cardiac tumors are an infrequent but critical cause of embolic stroke.
  • Prompt diagnosis and identification of the embolic source are vital for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of ischaemic stroke secondary to a cardiac papillary fibroelastoma.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of transesophageal echocardiography in identifying cardiac tumors as embolic sources.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering cardiac tumors in the differential diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of an 80-year-old woman presenting with cerebral stroke.
Keywords:
Strokecardiac source of embolismcardiac tumourcryptogenic strokeechocardiography

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  • Cerebral thrombectomy was performed.
  • Transesophageal echocardiography was utilized for cardiac mass detection.
  • Main Results:

    • Thrombectomy successfully removed the embolic material.
    • Histopathological examination confirmed the embolic source as a papillary fibroelastoma.
    • The cardiac tumor was not detected on initial echocardiography but was identified via transesophageal echocardiography.

    Conclusions:

    • Papillary fibroelastomas, though rare, should be considered as potential embolic sources in patients with ischaemic stroke.
    • Transesophageal echocardiography is crucial for diagnosing cardiac tumors missed by initial assessments.
    • This case underscores the significance of a comprehensive etiological investigation for stroke, including cardiac causes.