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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

The breakdown of social looking.

Terje Falck-Ytter¹

¹Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|April 24, 2024

Summary

Social looking in infants involves distinct genetic influences for eye-gaze and face preference. These behaviors do not appear to be strongly linked to autism spectrum disorder, challenging prior beliefs.

Keywords:

Attention Autism Comparative psychology Evolution Heritability Infant development Social cognition Twin study

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Area of Science:

Developmental psychology
Behavioral genetics
Neurodevelopmental disorders

Background:

Social looking, including eye-gaze and face preference, is considered a key indicator of early social-cognitive development.
Previous research suggested a singular heritable dimension of social looking linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distinct genetic influences on infant eye-gaze and face preference.
To examine the relationship between these distinct social looking behaviors and autism spectrum disorder.

Main Methods:

Utilized twin studies and behavioral assessments in human infants.
Analyzed genetic contributions to preferences for looking at eyes versus mouths and faces versus objects.

Main Results:

Eye-gaze preference and face preference are influenced by separate genetic factors.
Neither of these distinct social looking behaviors showed a clear, significant association with autism spectrum disorder in infants.

Conclusions:

The genetic underpinnings of social looking are more complex than previously assumed.
Early social looking behaviors, specifically eye-gaze and face preference, may not be reliable early markers for autism spectrum disorder.