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Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:

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Principal Singlet Fission Properties Of Twisted Acenes.

Amnon Stanger¹

¹Schulich Department of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry

|April 25, 2024

Summary

Twisted acenes, like Dodecaphenyl tetracene, show promise as advanced singlet fission materials. These novel structures may outperform traditional planar acenes in energy applications.

Keywords:

Aromaticity DFT calculations Singlet fission NICS-scan excited state aromaticity

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Materials Science
Photophysics

Background:

Acenes, particularly tetracene derivatives, are key materials for singlet fission (SF) applications.
Singlet fission enables the generation of two electron-hole pairs from a single high-energy photon, enhancing solar cell efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the synthesis and properties of twisted linear oligoacenes.
To investigate the potential of these twisted acenes as improved singlet fission materials.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of Dodecaphenyl tetracene and twisted anthracene derivatives.
Computational studies including energy calculations.
Nuclear Independent Chemical Shift (NICS-X) scan studies to evaluate aromaticity and electronic properties.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of twisted acenes, including Dodecaphenyl tetracene with significant end-to-end twist angles (96-98 degrees).
Energy calculations and NICS-X-scan studies indicate unique electronic properties in twisted acenes.
Theoretical predictions suggest enhanced singlet fission capabilities in twisted acenes compared to planar counterparts.

Conclusions:

The synthesis of twisted linear oligoacenes is feasible.
Twisted acene derivatives show potential for superior singlet fission performance.
Further research into twisted acenes could lead to next-generation photophysical materials.