Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2025
Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
Published on: February 15, 2022
Müller muscle-Conjunctival Resection (MMCR) Surgery: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Dalal R Fatani1, Yumna F Kamal2, Hamad M AlSulaiman1
1Oculoplastics & Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Purpose:
This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding, indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications of Müller muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) surgery. It also addresses areas of debate with MMCR such as predictability concerning Phenylephrine response as well as the amount of muscle resection required.
Method:
This literature review was compiled based on the available evidence from PubMed from 1975 to August 2023.
Results:
The success rate of MMCR ranges from 72% to 95%, with high patient satisfaction reported in most studies. The exact range of eyelid elevation after MMCR is variable, with a reported average of 2.1 mm MRD1 elevation.
Conclusion:
MMCR is a well-established surgical technique used to correct upper eyelid ptosis that results from dysfunction or attenuation of the levator aponeurosis. MMCR proved to be a safe and effective procedure with a high patient satisfaction rate and low risk of complications.
