Crosstalk between heredity and environment in myopia: An overview

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Genetics
• Public Health

Background:

• Myopia prevalence is increasing globally, presenting a significant public health challenge.
• Myopia development is understood to be influenced by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures.
• Identifying risk factors and understanding the pathogenesis of myopia are crucial for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and elucidate the impact of gene-environment interactions on the development of myopia.
• To synthesize current knowledge on myopia etiology, focusing on the interplay between genetic and environmental factors.

Main Methods:

• A literature search was conducted using the Pubmed database.
• Search terms included: myopia, genes, environmental factors, gene-environment interaction, and treatment.
• The review synthesized findings from relevant studies identified through the search.

Main Results:

• The review highlights that both genetic factors and environmental influences play a role in myopia development.
• Evidence suggests a complex interaction between genes and environment contributes to myopia pathogenesis.
• Understanding these interactions is vital for targeted interventions.

Conclusions:

• Gene-environment interactions are central to the pathogenesis of myopia.
• Further research into these interactions is essential for developing effective strategies to prevent and manage the increasing prevalence of myopia.
• This review underscores the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors in myopia research and clinical practice.