Phase formation and dielectric properties of MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal technique

In the recent development of energy storage devices, the scientific study has demonstrated a significant interest in the applications of the magnesium iron oxide (MgFe₂O₄) nanoparticles. In this work, we present synthesized novel MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles at different molarities (0.1-0.5 M), via hydrothermal technique. An X-ray Diffractometer was used to study the phase analysis of the prepared samples at different molarities. A pure cubic phase of the MgFe₂O₄ is observed at molar concentrations of 0.3 M and 0.4 M. However, the mixed phases consisting of (MgFe₂O₄ + γ-Fe₂O₃) were also observed at 0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.5 M. The pure cubic MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles depict the large value of crystallite size, 19.5 nm, and the lowest dislocation density and strain. The vibrating Sample Magnetometer shows the ferromagnetic nature of the pure MgFe₂O₄ with a high saturation magnetization. The value of saturation magnetization surged from 36.88 emu/g to 55.2 emu/g at 0.4 M concentration. The dielectric response of the materials as a function of applied frequency was studied thoroughly by using an Impedance Analyzer. The highest value of dielectric constant and low tangent loss was also reported at 0.4 M. Cole-Cole plots are the affirmation of the contribution of both grains and grain boundaries in the charge mechanism. These distinctive features make the synthesized material an excellent choice for future spintronics and energy storage devices.