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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

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Published on: June 21, 2017

Precious Metal Free Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst Design and Application.

Anders A Feidenhans'l¹, Yagya N Regmi^2,3, Chao Wei¹

¹Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.

Chemical Reviews

|April 25, 2024

Summary

Developing precious metal-free catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions is crucial for low-temperature electrolyzers. This review analyzes catalyst performance, experimental best practices, and design strategies, highlighting recent activity stagnation.

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Published on: August 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Catalysis

Background:

The search for cost-effective, precious metal-free catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is a critical area of research.
These catalysts are essential for the commercial viability of low-temperature electrolyzers used in hydrogen production.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and critically analyze recent advancements in precious metal-free HER catalysts for both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.
To evaluate common performance metrics, experimental methodologies, and catalyst design strategies.
To discuss the crucial transition from laboratory-scale testing to single-cell evaluations for industrial scalability.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of precious metal-free HER catalysts.
Analysis of catalyst activity and stability measurements in half-cell and two-electrode configurations.
Comparison of catalyst performance across different material families (e.g., MoS2, transition metal phosphides, carbides).

Main Results:

Detailed assessment of catalyst performance metrics and experimental best practices.
Identification of key catalyst families for acidic (MoS2-based, TMPs, TCs) and alkaline (NiMo, TMPs) electrolytes.
Observation of a recent stagnation in enhancing the intrinsic activity of precious metal-free HER catalysts.

Conclusions:

Precious metal-free HER catalysts are vital for advancing electrolyzer technology.
Standardized testing and a focus on single-cell performance are needed for industrial scale-up.
Future research should address the current limitations in intrinsic activity enhancement for these catalysts.