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Variation in Time Between Testing Positive for COVID-19 and Hospital Admission by Race/Ethnicity and Insurance Status

Austin Porter, Clare C Brown, Analiz Rodriguez

    Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
    |April 25, 2024
    PubMed

    Insights

    Racial and insurance disparities exist in the time between testing positive for COVID-19 and hospital admission. Black, Medicaid, and uninsured patients faced higher odds of same-day hospitalization, indicating unequal access to care.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Health Disparities Research
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Disparities in health outcomes are often linked to demographic and socioeconomic factors.
    • Understanding the timing between COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization is crucial for equitable healthcare.
    • Previous research indicates potential inequities in healthcare access and outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine disparities in the time between testing positive for COVID-19 and hospital admission.
    • To investigate the influence of race/ethnicity and insurance status on this time interval.
    • To identify implications for achieving equitable health outcomes in COVID-19 care.

    Main Methods:

    • Linked statewide COVID-19 registry data with administrative health datasets.
    • Analyzed 11,314 COVID-19 hospital admissions in Arkansas during 2020.
    • Compared time-to-hospitalization by race/ethnicity and insurance type.

    Main Results:

    • 42.2% of patients tested positive for COVID-19 on the same day as hospital admission.
    • Black patients had 38% higher odds of same-day admission compared to White patients (p<0.001).
    • Medicaid (51% higher odds) and uninsured (50% higher odds) patients showed increased odds of same-day admission versus privately insured patients (p<0.001).

    Conclusions:

    • Significant racial and socioeconomic disparities exist in the time from COVID-19 diagnosis to hospital admission.
    • These disparities suggest unequal access to timely testing and care.
    • Addressing these inequities is essential for improving health outcomes for all populations.

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