Mycobacterial Death and Resurrection: paradigm shifts in disease understanding

This article examines two medical journal research articles on tuberculosis, one published in 1938 and the other in 2014. The two articles, which use animal models to understand aspects of tuberculosis mycobacteria survival in the lungs, rely on markedly different research and biotechnological techniques, reach somewhat opposite conclusions, and reflect different paradigms of tuberculosis pathogenesis: the 1938 article (indirectly invoking Koch's postulates) was written before the paradigm of so-called "latent" and "reactivation" tuberculosis became widely adopted, while the 2014 article (indirectly invoking the molecular equivalents to Koch's postulates) works within that paradigm but implicitly questions it. Despite this, both articles exhibit fascinating similarities in terms of how their authors tackled their research questions, formulated their results, and framed their research methodologies. These similarities reflect both the reliance on tenets of the scientific method but also the value of paradigms of disease causation. Using tuberculosis as an example, this article concludes with remarks about how disease paradigms evolve and can stimulate research that leads to advances in disease understanding.