Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2025
06:07
Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
Published on: October 6, 2022
2.4K
Trends in Mortality in People With HIV From 1999 through 2020: A Multicohort Collaboration
Erich Tusch1, Lene Ryom1,2,3, Annegret Pelchen-Matthews4
1Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Summary
Mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) decreased significantly from 1999 to 2009, then stabilized. This trend was observed in the D:A:D and RESPOND cohorts, with non-AIDS-defining malignancies becoming a more prominent cause of death.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Combination antiretroviral therapy has led to reduced mortality among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- Understanding long-term mortality trends is crucial for managing HIV as a chronic condition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with HIV from 1999 to 2020.
- To analyze changes in mortality patterns over two decades.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the D:A:D (1999-2015) and RESPOND (2017-2020) cohorts.
- Calculated age-standardized mortality rates and used Poisson models to assess temporal trends.
- Classified causes of death using the Coding Causes of Death in HIV system.
Main Results:
- Observed a decline in all-cause mortality (adjusted mortality rate ratio [aMRR], 0.97 per year) between 1999 and 2020.
- AIDS-related mortality was highest from 1999-2009, while non-AIDS-defining malignancy (NADM) mortality increased from 2010-2020.
- Mortality rates stabilized between 2011-2020 (aMRR, 1.00 per year).
Conclusions:
- Mortality among people with HIV declined between 1999-2009 and stabilized from 2010-2020.
- The observed decline in mortality was not solely attributable to improved immunologic-virologic status or other known risk factors.
- Non-AIDS-defining malignancies represent an increasing cause of mortality in the contemporary HIV-positive population.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.9K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.9K
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
345
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
345
01:20Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
178
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
178
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
303
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
303
01:20Actuarial Approach
77
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
77