Heavy metal accumulation analysis using bivalve, sponge, sea urchin, and gastropod species as bioindicators

A comparative assessment of heavy metal accumulation potential in four distinct marine benthic bioindicators: the bivalve Perna perna, the sponge Callyspongia fibrosa, the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla, and the gastropod Purpura bufo were conducted. These organisms were collected from the same location, and the concentration of ten heavy metals was analyzed in water, sediment and various body parts of the organisms. The bioaccumulation potential was evaluated using the bio-water accumulation factor and bio-sediment accumulation factor. There was significant variation in the bioaccumulation potential of each organism with respect to different metals. The sponge proved to be a reliable indicator of Cd with a highest concentration of 2.60 μg/g. Sea urchin accumulated high concentrations of Cr (16.98 μg/g) and Pb (4.80 μg/g), whereas Cu was predominant (21.05 μg/g) in gastropod, followed by bivalve (17.67 μg/g). The concentration of metals in hard parts was found to be lower than in the tissues.