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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

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Engineered platforms for mimicking cardiac development and drug screening.

Madison Stiefbold1, Haokang Zhang1, Leo Q Wan2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8t Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
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Summary

Advancements in human pluripotent stem cell technology enable sophisticated in vitro models for studying congenital heart defects. These platforms improve understanding of cardiac development and disease, reducing reliance on animal models.

Keywords:
Cardiac developmentCardiac morphogenesisCardiac tissue engineeringCongenital heart diseasesEmbryo-on-chipIn vitro platformsOrgan-on-chip

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) pose significant health challenges, necessitating better models for understanding cardiac development.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a powerful alternative to animal models for studying human development and disease.
  • Technological innovations are crucial for developing high-fidelity in vitro platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in in vitro platforms for recapitulating human cardiac development.
  • To highlight technological innovations driving progress in this field.
  • To categorize and discuss different types of cardiac development platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature focusing on technological innovations in cardiac development platforms.
  • Categorization of platforms into 2D cultures, engineered substrates, organoids, and embryo-on-chip models.
  • Analysis of advancements in stem cell biology, genetic editing, omics, microfluidics, and sensor technologies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing in vitro platforms with increased fidelity and efficiency.
  • Platforms discussed include 2D cultures, engineered substrates, cardiac organoids, and embryo/explant-on-chip models.
  • Technological innovations are key drivers of these advancements.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro cardiac development platforms are rapidly evolving, offering new avenues for CHD research.
  • Continued technological innovation is essential for overcoming current limitations.
  • Future perspectives include further refinement of these platforms for disease modeling and therapeutic development.