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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Exploring Memory Function Beyond Immune Cells: ANGPTL4-Mediated Memory Functions in Tissue Resident Stem Cells.

Se-Ra Park1,2, Eun-Kyung Min1,2, Soo-Rim Kim1,2

  • 1Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 26, 2024
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Summary

Tissue-resident stem cells, unlike differentiated cells, exhibit memory functions protecting against repeated antigen exposure. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is key to this stem cell adaptation and tissue homeostasis.

Keywords:
ANGPTL4endometrial stem cellsforeign antigenmemory function

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Adapted immune cells develop memory, but non-immune cell memory is poorly understood.
  • Tissue-resident stem cells are vital for regeneration and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate memory functions in tissue-resident stem cells.
  • Identify mechanisms regulating stem cell memory, focusing on Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4).

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo experiments using beta-glucan as a foreign antigen.
  • shRNA knockdown and knockout mouse models for ANGPTL4.
  • Analysis of stem cell functions, epigenetic modifications (histone H3 methylation), and signaling pathways (PI3K/Akt, FAK/ERK1/2).

Main Results:

  • Tissue-resident stem cells, specifically endometrial stem cells, demonstrated memory functions against successive antigen exposure.
  • Differentiated cells (fibroblasts, vesicular cells) lacked these memory mechanisms.
  • ANGPTL4 was identified as a critical regulator of stem cell memory, influencing stem cell functions and epigenetic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue-resident stem cells possess inherent memory functions for self-defense against recurrent antigenic challenges.
  • ANGPTL4 plays a pivotal role in mediating these memory functions and maintaining tissue stability.
  • These findings reveal a novel adaptive mechanism in stem cells crucial for tissue homeostasis.