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Lipid Profile, Eating Habit, and Physical Activity in Children with Down Syndrome: A Prospective Study

Luca Pecoraro1, Melissa Zadra2, Francesco Cavallin3

  • 1Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with Down syndrome (DS) experienced improved weight management and physical activity after two years of pediatrician guidance. However, their lipid profiles worsened, indicating a need for targeted interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Children with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit a higher incidence of overweight and obesity.
  • Managing health challenges in DS requires specialized pediatric care.
  • Early intervention is crucial for long-term health outcomes in DS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the two-year impact of pediatric dietary and physical activity advice on children with DS.
  • To evaluate changes in anthropometric data, lifestyle habits, and lipid profiles.
  • To identify areas for improved health management strategies in DS.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 44 children with DS (ages 2-17) over 2 years.
  • Regular outpatient follow-ups every six months.
  • Assessment of diet (KIDMED), physical activity (Godin-Shepard), anthropometrics, and lipid profiles.

Main Results:

  • Significant reduction in Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores (p=0.006).
  • Improved physical activity scores (Godin-Shepard, p=0.0004).
  • Worsened lipid profiles: increased LDL-c (p=0.04) and decreased HDL-c (p=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Educational programs on nutrition and physical activity benefit weight control in children with DS.
  • Specific interventions are needed to address adverse changes in lipid profiles.
  • Continuous pediatric preventive care and follow-up are essential for individuals with DS throughout life.

Keywords:
Godin questionnaireKIDMED questionnaireMediterranean dietchildhood obesitydown syndromedyslipidemia

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