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Sex Differences in Cognitive Reflection: A Meta-Analysis.

Inmaculada Otero1, Alexandra Martínez1, Dámaris Cuadrado1

  • 1Faculty of Labour Relations, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Journal of Intelligence
|April 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men score slightly higher than women in cognitive reflection (CR), with differences more pronounced in numerical tests. Test length did not impact these sex-based cognitive reflection disparities.

Keywords:
cognitive reflectioncognitive reflection testmeta-analysissex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Sex differences research
  • Meta-analysis

Background:

  • Cognitive reflection (CR) measures the ability to override intuitive but incorrect answers.
  • Understanding sex differences in cognitive abilities is crucial for various fields.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed findings regarding gender disparities in CR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analytic review of sex differences in cognitive reflection (CR).
  • To investigate whether the type of CR test (numerical vs. verbal) moderates these differences.
  • To examine the influence of numerical test length on observed sex disparities in CR.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analytic approach was employed to synthesize data from existing studies.
  • Studies were categorized based on the type of cognitive reflection test used (numerical or verbal).
  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess the magnitude and moderators of sex differences in CR.

Main Results:

  • Men exhibited higher scores than women on cognitive reflection tasks, though the effect size was small.
  • The type of cognitive reflection test significantly moderated sex differences, with larger disparities observed in numerical tests.
  • The number of items in numerical cognitive reflection tests did not influence the observed sex differences.

Conclusions:

  • Small sex differences in cognitive reflection exist, favoring men.
  • Numerical cognitive reflection tasks reveal more pronounced sex differences compared to verbal tasks.
  • Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving these sex-based cognitive reflection disparities.