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Related Concept Videos

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Updated: May 7, 2026

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Adaptive Space-Aware Infotaxis II as a Strategy for Odor Source Localization.

Shiqi Liu1,2, Yan Zhang1,2, Shurui Fan1,2

  • 1Innovation and Research Institute, Hebei University of Technology, Shijiazhuang 050299, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an adaptive space-aware Infotaxis II algorithm to enhance mobile robot olfaction for hazardous source localization. The new method improves search efficiency and balances exploration and exploitation, outperforming classical strategies.

Keywords:
Bayesian inferenceadaptive navigationinformation entropyodor source localizationsalp swarm algorithm

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sensor Systems

Background:

  • Mobile robot olfaction is critical for detecting toxic and hazardous substances in security and disaster response.
  • Current odor source localization strategies suffer from low efficiency and can get stuck in local optima.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an adaptive space-aware Infotaxis II algorithm to improve mobile robot odor source localization efficiency.
  • To enhance robot tracking and exploration behaviors while avoiding local optima.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel reward function incorporating spatial information and emphasizing robot exploration.
  • Implemented an adaptive navigation-updated mechanism using information entropy to regulate movement range.
  • Utilized an improved adaptive cosine salp swarm algorithm to optimize adaptive parameters.

Main Results:

  • Comparative simulations in 2D and 3D environments demonstrated superior search efficiency compared to classical strategies.
  • The proposed algorithm achieved a better balance between exploration and exploitation behaviors.
  • Successfully avoided excessive exploration that could lead to local optima.

Conclusions:

  • The adaptive space-aware Infotaxis II algorithm significantly enhances mobile robot olfaction for hazardous source localization.
  • The strategy offers improved efficiency and a balanced approach to exploration and exploitation in complex environments.