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Denoising of Optical Coherence Tomography Images in Ophthalmology Using Deep Learning: A Systematic Review.

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Deep learning effectively denoises optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal images, improving disease diagnosis. However, study quality and reporting need improvement for broader clinical application.

Keywords:
deep learningimage processingophthalmologyoptical coherence tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is crucial for retinal disease detection and boundary localization.
  • Speckle noise in OCT images degrades diagnostic quality.
  • Deep learning (DL) offers a promising end-to-end solution for denoising OCT images.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies employing deep learning for denoising retinal OCT images.
  • To assess the quality and performance of DL-based denoising methods.
  • To identify trends and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic screening of multiple databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase) and ArXiv for publications post-2010.
  • Quality assessment of selected studies using image quality metrics (PSNR, CNR, SSIM).
  • Inclusion of 41 studies after thorough evaluation of 95 identified publications.

Main Results:

  • Deep learning models show promise in denoising retinal OCT images, with reported increases in image quality metrics.
  • Studies utilized various OCT image types, including public retinal datasets and Optic Nerve Head (ONH) images.
  • Significant heterogeneity in study methodologies and performance measurements prevented meta-analysis.
  • A minority of studies (n=8) demonstrated a low risk of bias.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning is increasingly applied to denoise retinal OCT images, showing potential for enhanced diagnostic clarity.
  • Variability in reporting and study quality currently limits comprehensive analysis and clinical integration.
  • Further standardization in methodology and reporting is needed to fully leverage DL for OCT image denoising.