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A Set of Multiresistant Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis Subtype ST-1 with a Variable Susceptibility to Quinolones Are

Juan Carlos Corrales1, Antonio Sánchez1, Xóchitl Hernández1

  • 1Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

A new subtype of Mycoplasma bovis (ST-1) has been identified in Spain, exhibiting fluoroquinolone resistance. This discovery necessitates updated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for bovine respiratory complex diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Bovine Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Mycoplasma bovis is a major cause of bovine respiratory complex diseases (RCD) globally.
  • Spanish endemic subtypes ST-2 and ST-3 show varying fluoroquinolone susceptibility, guiding control strategies.
  • Previous control strategies relied on subtype diagnosis for targeted therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the emergence of a novel Mycoplasma bovis ST-1 subtype in Spain.
  • To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility, particularly to fluoroquinolones, of this new ST-1 subtype.
  • To explore potential resistance mechanisms in the identified ST-1 isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Microbiological studies and isolation of Mycoplasma bovis from calves with respiratory symptoms.
  • Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for a panel of antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones.
  • Sequencing of quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) genes (gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE) in selected isolates.

Main Results:

  • The first detection of Spanish Mycoplasma bovis ST-1 isolates from calves with pneumonia across different regions.
  • Phenotypic variations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility were observed among ST-1 isolates, with no clear geographical correlation.
  • While some ST-1 isolates showed QRDR mutations associated with high fluoroquinolone MICs, not all did, suggesting alternative resistance mechanisms.
  • ST-1 isolates demonstrated resistance to macrolides and lincosamides, similar to Spanish ST-2 and ST-3 subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of Mycoplasma bovis ST-1 in Spain presents a new challenge for RCD control.
  • Fluoroquinolone resistance in ST-1 isolates is complex, involving both QRDR mutations and potentially other uncharacterized mechanisms.
  • The co-resistance to macrolides and lincosamides in ST-1 highlights the need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship in affected herds.
Keywords:
Mycoplasma bovisQRDRSpainantimicrobial resistancebiotype ST-1

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