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Dynamic Localization of Paraspeckle Components under Osmotic Stress.

Aysegul Yucel-Polat1, Danae Campos-Melo1, Asieh Alikhah1

  • 1Molecular Medicine Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.

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Summary

Osmotic stress causes nuclear paraspeckles to decrease and relocate to the cytoplasm. This study reveals NEAT1_2

Keywords:
NEAT1_2cytoplasmic aggregatesmembraneless organellesosmotic stressparaspeckle proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies regulating gene expression and cellular homeostasis.
  • Their role in stress response is established, but dynamics under osmotic stress are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate paraspeckle dynamics and component localization under osmotic stress.
  • To explore the role of NEAT1_2 in cellular response to osmotic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • HEK293T cells were exposed to sorbitol (osmotic stress).
  • NEAT1_2 expression was quantified using real-time PCR.
  • Subcellular localization of NEAT1_2, PSPC1, NONO, and SFPQ was analyzed via smFISH and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • Osmotic stress significantly decreased NEAT1_2 expression.
  • Key paraspeckle proteins (NEAT1_2, PSPC1, NONO, SFPQ) translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
  • Nuclear paraspeckle foci size and number reduced, while cytoplasmic PSPC1 fibrils formed and disassembled upon recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Paraspeckle dynamics are altered by osmotic stress, with nuclear export of components.
  • NEAT1_2 may have a novel cytoplasmic role during osmotic stress.
  • This suggests paraspeckles are dynamic under stress, impacting cellular physiology.