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Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review.

Isaac Hathaway¹, Oshiokhe Esther Momodu², David M Williams³

¹Diabetes Centre, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK. isaac.hathaway3@wales.nhs.uk.

Obesity Surgery

|April 26, 2024

Summary

Bariatric surgery shows improvements in cognitive function for many individuals with obesity. While not universal, these cognitive enhancements are linked to specific procedures and improved mental well-being.

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s disease Bariatric surgery Cognition Cognitive function Dementia Gastric band Gastric bypass Gastric surgery Metabolic surgery Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Sleeve gastrectomy

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Metabolic Surgery
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

A previous systematic review in 2016 highlighted the need for further research on cognitive function changes after bariatric surgery.
Obesity is associated with cognitive deficits, making interventions like bariatric surgery a potential area for cognitive improvement.

Approach:

This systematic review included all studies published since 2016 that measured cognitive function before and after bariatric surgery.
13 new studies were added to the 18 from the previous review, totaling 31 eligible studies.

Key Points:

The majority of studies reported improvements in at least one cognitive domain post-surgery.
Cognitive improvements were often domain-specific and not observed across all cognitive functions.
Further analysis explored the relationship between specific surgical procedures, mental health, quality of life, and cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions:

Bariatric surgery appears to positively impact cognitive function in individuals with obesity.
While findings support a link, further high-powered studies are required to confirm these effects and understand underlying mechanisms.