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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

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Environmental purines decrease Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by disrupting c-di-GMP metabolism.

Corey Kennelly1, Peter Tran2, Arthur Prindle3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

Cell Reports
|April 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Environmental purines, like adenosine and inosine, reduce bacterial biofilm formation by lowering cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Keywords:
CP: MicrobiologyPseudomonas aeruginosabacteriabiofilmsc-di-GMPmicrobiologynucleotide signalingpurines

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a crucial second messenger regulating bacterial lifestyles, particularly the transition between planktonic and biofilm states.
  • Research has primarily focused on enzymes controlling c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation, with less emphasis on metabolic regulation.
  • Understanding metabolic influences on c-di-GMP signaling is vital for controlling bacterial behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental purines on c-di-GMP levels and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which purines modulate c-di-GMP signaling.
  • To explore the potential of purines as metabolic cues for bacterial lifestyle transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fluorescent genetic reporter to monitor c-di-GMP levels in response to purine treatment.
  • Conducted genetic experiments to confirm the role of purine salvage pathways.
  • Investigated the interaction between purines, (p)ppGpp, and c-di-GMP signaling.

Main Results:

  • Micromolar concentrations of specific environmental purines, including adenosine and inosine, significantly decrease c-di-GMP levels and inhibit biofilm formation.
  • Purine salvage pathways are essential for the observed reduction in c-di-GMP.
  • (p)ppGpp modulates the response to other purines, reinforcing a hierarchy favoring c-di-GMP decrease.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental purines act as signaling molecules that can metabolically control c-di-GMP levels.
  • Bacteria can shift away from biofilm formation in response to purine cues, suggesting a link between metabolic status and lifestyle.
  • This metabolic control offers a novel perspective on regulating bacterial biofilm development.