Causal relationships between gut microbrome and digestive system diseases: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Growing evidences of recent studies have shown that gut microbrome are causally related to digestive system diseases (DSDs). However, causal relationships between the gut microbiota and the risk of DSDs still remain unclear. We utilized identified gut microbiota based on class, family, genus, order and phylum information and digestive system diseases genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset for two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to evaluate causal relationships between gut microbiota and 7 DSDs, including chronic gastritis, colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome and esophageal cancer. Finally, we verified the robustness of MR results based on heterogeneity and pleiotropy analysis. We discovered 15 causal associations with genetic liabilities in the gut microbiota and DSDs, such as genus Victivallis, genus RuminococcaceaeUCG005, genus Ruminococcusgauvreauiigroup, genus Oxalobacter and so on. Our MR analysis revealed that the gut microbiota is causally associated with DSDs. Further researches of the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of DSDs are still significant and provide new methods for the prevention and treatment of DSDs.