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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

591
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Dialysis01:15

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Separators and Membranes for Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

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Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is evolving with new membranes replacing traditional diaphragms. Research focuses on ion solvating and anion exchange membranes (AEM) for efficient hydrogen production.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) relies on diaphragms and high concentration (5-7 M) KOH solutions.
  • The phase-out of asbestos diaphragms has driven the adoption of polymeric diaphragms as the current standard.
  • Emerging technologies like ion solvating membranes and anion exchange membranes (AEM) offer alternatives with potential for lower KOH concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in membrane technologies for alkaline water electrolysis.
  • To compare the performance and characteristics of polymeric diaphragms, ion solvating membranes, and AEM.
  • To highlight the potential of newer membranes in achieving efficient hydrogen production with reduced KOH concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in polymeric diaphragms for AWE.
  • Analysis of ion solvating membranes and their conductivity in lower KOH concentrations (1 M).
  • Examination of anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis (WE) systems, focusing on KOH concentration trade-offs and AEM longevity.

Main Results:

  • Polymeric diaphragms are the current state-of-the-art in AWE.
  • Ion solvating membranes show promise for high conductivity in 1 M KOH.
  • AEM WE technology has seen significant improvements in membrane lifetime and can benefit from KOH solutions to mitigate electrode issues.

Conclusions:

  • The field of alkaline water electrolysis is advancing with new membrane technologies.
  • Ion solvating membranes and AEM represent promising alternatives to traditional diaphragms, enabling operation at lower KOH concentrations.
  • Future AWE and AEM WE systems may converge due to improved membrane performance and electrode stability.