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Biologic and small-molecule therapy for treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: Mechanistic considerations
Camille Rothenberg-Lausell1, Jonathan Bar2, Dante Dahabreh3
1Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Abstract:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex and heterogeneous skin disease for which achieving complete clinical clearance for most patients has proven challenging through single cytokine inhibition. Current studies integrate biomarkers and evaluate their role in AD, aiming to advance our understanding of the diverse molecular profiles implicated. Although traditionally characterized as a TH2-driven disease, extensive research has recently revealed the involvement of TH1, TH17, and TH22 immune pathways as well as the interplay of pivotal immune molecules, such as OX40, OX40 ligand (OX40L), thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and IL-33. This review explores the mechanistic effects of treatments for AD, focusing on mAbs and Janus kinase inhibitors. It describes how these treatments modulate immune pathways and examines their impact on key inflammatory and barrier biomarkers.
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