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Insights into Pediatric Sleep Disordered Breathing: Exploring Risk Factors, Surgical Interventions, and Physical and

Marco Zaffanello1, Angelo Pietrobelli1, Leonardo Zoccante2

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and prematurity are linked to pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Improved academic and physical scores correlate with reduced SDB symptoms after surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a growing concern in children, often linked to tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy.
  • Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are primary treatments for pediatric SDB.
  • Identifying risk and protective factors is crucial for managing SDB in pediatric surgical patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk and protective factors in children with SDB undergoing adenotonsillar or adenoidal surgery.
  • To explore neuropsychological profile differences in these pediatric patients.
  • To analyze the impact of surgery on SDB and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, retrospective cohort study design.
  • Data collected via clinical history review, preoperative visits, and telephone questionnaires.
  • Utilized the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

Main Results:

  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy was more prevalent in children with SDB.
  • Pacifier use was less common in children with SDB.
  • Improved physical and academic scores correlated with reduced PSQ scores post-surgery (p=0.051 and p<0.001, respectively).
  • Prematurity and cesarean birth were more frequent in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal smoking and birth history (prematurity, C-section) are associated with pediatric SDB.
  • Surgical intervention for SDB may positively impact quality of life, indicated by improved academic and physical scores.
  • Further research into neuropsychological profiles and comprehensive risk factor analysis is warranted.

Keywords:
adenoidectomyadenotonsillectomybreastfeedingchildrenpediatric quality of life inventorypediatric sleep questionnairequality of lifesleep-disordered breathing

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