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Risk Factors of Malnutrition among In-School Children and Adolescents in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review

Mustapha Amoadu1, Susanna Aba Abraham2, Abdul Karim Adams1

  • 1Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Malnutrition in developing countries affects school children due to poverty, poor sanitation, and health issues. Addressing this requires integrated policies for poverty, health, and gender equity.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science
  • Development Studies

Background:

  • Child malnutrition is a critical issue in developing nations, impacting education and health.
  • Socio-economic, environmental, and health factors significantly influence malnutrition in school-aged children.
  • Understanding these determinants is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the multifaceted aspects of child malnutrition within educational settings in developing countries.
  • To identify key socio-economic, environmental, and health-related factors contributing to malnutrition.
  • To highlight the impacts of malnutrition on health and academic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review following Arksey and O'Malley's framework.
  • Searched major databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, JSTOR, Scopus) and additional sources.
  • Included reference list checking of eligible papers.

Main Results:

  • Low family income, size, parental employment, and education are significant socio-economic determinants.
  • Rural/urban residence, sanitation, and living conditions are key environmental influences.
  • Poor nutrition knowledge, unhealthy diets, deficiencies, low physical activity, and illnesses increase malnutrition risk.

Conclusions:

  • Malnutrition severely impacts children's general health, nutrient status, and morbidity.
  • It negatively affects school attendance, cognitive abilities, and academic achievement.
  • Comprehensive policies addressing poverty, health literacy, and gender equity are essential, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals.

Keywords:
developing countrieseducationhealthin-school childrenmalnutritionrisk factors

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